Travelers from history and their famous sea voyages

titleNOTE 2
/titlecategory1/categoryNOTE 2.–[Mr. Rockhill (_Rubruck_, 113, note) says: The earliest date to
which I have been able to trace back the name Tartar is A.D. 732. We find
mention made in a Turkish inscription found on the river Orkhon and
bearing that date, of the _Tokuz Tatar_, or Nine (tribes of) Tatars, and
of the _Otuz Tatar_, or Thirty (tribes of) Tatars. It is probable that
these tribes were then living between the Oguz or Uigr Turks on the west,
and the Kitan on the east. (_Thomsen, Inscriptions de lOrkhon_, 98, 126,
140.) Mr. Thos. Watters tells me that the Tartars are first mentioned by
the Chinese in the period extending from A.D. 860 to 874; the earliest
mention I have discovered, however, is under date of A.D. 880. (_Wu tai
shih_, Bk. 4.) We also read in the same work (Bk. 74, 2) that The Ta-ta
were a branch of the Mo-ho (the name the N?chen Tartars bore during the
Sui and Tang periods: _Ma Tuan-lin_, Bk. 327, 5). They first lived to the
north of the Kitan. Later on they were conquered by this people, when they
scattered, a part becoming tributaries of the Kitan, another to the
Po-hai (a branch of the Mo-ho), while some bands took up their abode in
the Yin Shan in Southern Mongolia, north of the provinces of Chih-li and
Shan-si, and took the name of _Ta-ta_. In 981 the Chinese ambassador to
the Prince of Kao-chang (Karakhodjo, some 20 miles south-east of Turfan)
traversed the Ta-ta country. They then seem to have occupied the northern
bend of the Yellow River. He gives the names of some nine tribes of Ta-ta
living on either side of the river. He notes that their neighbours to the
east were Kitan, and that for a long time they had been fighting them after
the occupation of Kan-chou by the Uigrs. (_Ma Tuan-lin_, Bk. 336, 12-14.)
We may gather from this that these Tartars were already settled along the
Yellow River and the Yin Shan (the valley in which is now the important
frontier mart of Kwei-hua Cheng) at the beginning of the ninth century,
for the Uigrs, driven southward by the Kirghiz, first occupied Kan-chou in
north-western Kan-suh, somewhere about A.D. 842.]
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